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Python 请求库实用指南

1. 安装

使用 pip3 安装 requests 模块：

pip3 install requests

2. GET 请求

import requestsurl = 'https://www.baidu.com'r = requests.get(url)print(r.status_code)

3. POST 请求

import requestsurl = 'https://www.baidu.com'data1 = {    "name": "zhaofan",    "age": 23}r = requests.post(url, data=data1, verify=True)print(r.status_code)

4. 代理设置

import requestsurl = 'http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/'proxies = {    'http': '127.0.0.1:8080',    'https': '127.0.0.1:8080'}r = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)print(r.status_code)

如果代理需要账户名和密码，将字典更新为：

proxies = {    'http': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9999',    'https': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:8888'}

5. header 和 cookie

import requestsurl = 'https://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=1&s_from=input&query=python&ie=utf8&_sug_=n&_sug_type='headers = {    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1464.0 Safari/537.36',    'Cookie': 'name=JSESSIONID;value=aaaUrhXY8CzPBgs1eXUFw;domain=weixin.sogou.com'}r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)print(r.cookies)print(r.status_code)

6. 会话维持

import requestss = requests.Session()s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456")response = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")print(response.text)

7. 状态码判断

import requestsresponse = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")if response.status_code == requests.codes.ok:    print("访问成功")

8. 文件上传

import requestsfiles = {    "files": open("git.jpeg", "rb")}response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files=files)print(response.text)

9. 异常处理

import requestsfrom requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout, ConnectionError, RequestExceptiontry:    response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", timeout=0.1)    print(response.status_code)except ReadTimeout:    print("timeout")except ConnectionError:    print("connection Error")except RequestException:    print("error")

通过以上代码示例，可以快速掌握requests库的常用操作，满足日常开发需求。

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